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Mongol Khanate System
The Mongol khanate system (ulus) was the political framework of the trans-Eurasian empire founded by Genghis Khan and his heirs, centered on princely…
Timeline
- c. 1231–1240Mongolian Plateau · Mongolian PlateauKhan Ögedei consolidated great-khan authority, coordinating multi-front military operations against late-Jin territory, Persia, and the Kipchak steppe through princely appanages and the central postal relay system; the khanate system matured amid expansion.
- c. 1236–1240Eurasian continent · EurasiaThe lines of Jochi, Chagatai, Ögedei, and Tolui, along with meritorious ministers, received appanages, forming a pattern of coexisting khanates; the great khan maintained nominal unity through the kurultai and envoy system, while local military and civil affairs were highly autonomous.
Sources
- The Mongol Empire and Its Legacy — Reuven Amitai-Preiss and David O. Morgan (1999)
- Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World — Jack Weatherford (2004)