Fragmentation of the Western Turkic Khaganate

Timeline

1. 603Northwest of the Tianshan Mountains · Western RegionsSui general Shi Wansui campaigned westward and defeated Tardu Khan; the unified Western Turkic state collapsed, the tribes began acting independently, and the Ishbara and Nushibi branches held the east and west respectively.
2. 628–630Suyab River · Central AsiaTong Yabgu Khan temporarily reintegrated the Western Turkic tribes, controlled the states of the Western Regions, and maintained friendly relations with the Tang dynasty, but after his death his sons fought over succession and the khaganate split again.
3. 648–659North and south of the Tianshan Mountains · Western RegionsAshina Helu declared himself Shaboluo Xili Khan and allied with the Western Regions states against Tang; Tang generals including Su Dingfang campaigned west several times, capturing Helu in the fourth year of Xianqing (659), and the Western Turkic Khaganate perished.