Ilkhanate tax system

Timeline

1. 1256–1290Tabriz · AzerbaijanAfter founding the khanate, Hulegu collected Mongol ortaq commercial taxes, the livestock tax (tamga), and traditional Persian land taxes in parallel, granted iqta fiefs to Mongol and Muslim nobles, and had local governors collect taxes remitted to the court, forming the hybrid fiscal system characteristic of a conquest regime.
2. 1295–1318Sultaniyya · ZanjanAfter converting to Islam, Ghazan Khan carried out currency reform and tax reorganization, abolishing some exorbitant levies and standardizing the silver dinar. Vizier Rashid al-Din systematically recorded land tax tiers, commercial tax rates, and iqta allocation rules in the Jami' al-Tawarikh, making the Ilkhanate tax system increasingly institutionalized.
3. 1335–1360Isfahan · IranAfter Abu Sa'id's death in 1335 the Ilkhanate fragmented; the Jalairids, Muzaffarids, and other rival regimes continued the iqta allocation and land tax collection model, but tax rates were chaotic and trade route security deteriorated. In the mid-14th century Persian polities contested tax sources amid the ruins of the old system, paving the way for unified taxation under the Timurid Empire.