Novgorod Republic system

Timeline

1. 1136–1150Novgorod · NovgorodThe veche expelled Prince Vsevolod Mstislavich, establishing a republican framework in which local boyars and merchants elected the posadnik and tysyatsky, and the power of outside princes was restricted.
2. c. 1150–1200Novgorod · NovgorodThe veche became the supreme decision-making body, responsible for declaring war and making peace, legislation, and official appointments; the city charter (Russkaya Pravda local law) and church jurisdiction operated in parallel, and the republican system grew stable.
3. c. 1201–1240Novgorod Republic territory · NovgorodIn the early 13th century the Republic maintained autonomy through northern trade routes; between 1201 and 1210 the veche continued to direct foreign and domestic policy, preserving relatively independent city-state governance under pressure from the Mongol invasions.
4. c. 1240–1478Novgorod · NovgorodAfter 1240 the Republic paid tribute to the Golden Horde but retained internal autonomy; it declined with the rise of Moscow in the 15th century, and in 1478 Ivan III abolished the republican institutions, ending the system.