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Conflict between William I and the Pope
In 1155, King William I of Sicily and Pope Adrian IV clashed over territorial claims, tribute, and suzerainty in southern Italy;…
Timeline
- 1155Southern Italy · Southern ItalyAdrian IV reaffirmed papal suzerainty over Benevento and other places, demanding that William I fulfill tribute and submission obligations; William refused and strengthened military control over southern Italian cities.
- 1155Southern Italy · Southern ItalyWilliam I ordered the imprisonment of papal envoys, and the Holy See threatened excommunication; relations broke down, and the Norman Kingdom and the Holy See entered a prolonged standoff.
Sources
- The Norman Kingdom of Sicily — Donald Matthew (1992)
- Adrian IV, the English Pope (1154-1159) — Brenda Bolton