Aftermath of the Fall of the Malacca Sultanate

Timeline

1. 1511–1512Pahang · PahangMahmud Shah fled with the royal family and treasures to allied Pahang, sending envoys to contact Johor, Patani, and Javanese powers, promising restored trade interests in exchange for fleet and army support to prepare for a counterattack on Malacca.
2. 1512Malacca City · Malay PeninsulaThe Malay-Javanese allied forces advanced by land and sea, at one point cutting off Portuguese supplies. Albuquerque led the garrison out of the city to counterattack, using artillery and fortress advantages to repel the allied forces and burn their reinforcement ships; Mahmud Shah again retreated south.
3. 1512–1513Johor River estuary · JohorAfter the siege failed, Mahmud Shah's forces established an alternative port in the Johor River basin, attracting Chinese and Muslim merchants to bypass Portuguese-held Malacca. The Portuguese, meanwhile, took the opportunity to campaign eastward in the Moluccas, offsetting the cost of strait rule with a spice monopoly.