Scholasticism (1340s)

Timeline

1. 1340–1347University of Paris · ParisThe theology and arts faculties of the University of Paris continued to center teaching on Aristotle's works and commentaries on the Sentences; scholars such as Jean Buridan developed the impetus theory, and Ockham, during his time at the Avignon papal court, still influenced Parisian discussions of universals and epistemology through nominalism and the logical razor.
2. 1340–1349University of Oxford · OxfordScholars at Merton College, Oxford, studied motion, velocity, and change using mathematical proportions and logical analysis, forming the so-called 'Calculators' tradition; Thomas Bradwardine completed De causa Dei in the 1340s, applying logical methods to the theology of grace and free will, and became Archbishop of Canterbury in 1349.
3. 1345–1350Western Europe · Western Europe1340s scholasticism combined rigorous logic, dialectical analysis, and empirical measurement, spreading through manuscripts and universities to emerging Central European institutions (such as the University of Prague, founded in 1348); its methodology provided important tools for later textual criticism in natural philosophy and the Reformation.