Li Quan

Timeline

1. 1211–1214Yidu · Yidu PrefectureDuring the Mongols' Zhenyou-era invasion the Jin court moved south with heavy taxes and corvée, and uprisings swept Shandong; Li Quan gathered followers at Yidu under the Red Jacket banner, holding Shandong with his brother Li Fu and wife Yang Miaozhen, raiding prefectures and counties, becoming one of the largest rebel forces of the late Jin.
2. 1214–1220Juzhou · Eastern Circuit of ShandongAfter taking Yidu Li Quan repeatedly defeated Jin armies; his wife Yang Miaozhen was famed for boosting morale dancing with a 'Peach Blossom Fan'. The Jin sent Zhang wannu and others to suppress him; he won and lost in turn, his power waxing and waning. In 1217 he briefly defected to Song, was granted the title Prince of Yi and provincial governor, then returned north to Shandong, playing Jin and Song against each other.
3. 1220–1227Chuzhou · ChuzhouAfter returning south Li Quan garrisoned Chuzhou, receiving Song titles and grain, standing alongside another Red Jacket leader Zhang Yu (Xia Quan). He grew ambitions of regional rule, raiding salt fields and defying control, clashing constantly with Song generals Peng Yibin and Zhang Yu, becoming a menace in Lianghuai.
4. 1227–1231Yancheng · Eastern Circuit of LianghuaiIn 1227 Li Quan failed to take Song general Zhang Yu, and Southern Song sent Xu Xingfang and others against him. In 1231 he besieged Yancheng, was defeated by Song generals Zhang Fu and Zhao Fan, and drowned. Yang Miaozhen led the remnants to surrender to Song, and the Red Jacket Army collapsed.