Science in the Islamic Golden Age

Timeline

1. c. 990–1005Baghdad · Middle EastIslamic scholars continued to innovate in algebra, trigonometric tables, and astronomical observation, inheriting and developing the work of al-Khwarizmi, al-Battani, and others, compiling more precise star catalogs and calendars, and combining mathematical astronomy with practical geodesy.
2. c. 1005–1020Cairo and Córdoba · Middle EastClinical observation and drug trials in medicine, optical refraction experiments, and the transition from alchemy to chemistry developed in parallel across the scholarly centers; works such as Ibn Sina's Canon of Medicine represent the peak of medical systematization in this period, with knowledge transmitted to Latin Europe through translation.