Al-Mu'azzam Isa

Timeline

1. 1218Damascus · DamascusHis father al-Adil had already appointed him governor of Damascus around 1198/1200. After al-Adil's death in 1218, he ruled the Ayyubid territories of Syria in his own name and acknowledged the suzerainty of his brother al-Kamil as sultan.
2. 1218–1221Jerusalem · JerusalemDuring the Fifth Crusade's siege of Damietta in 1218–1221, al-Mu'azzam used Damascus as a base to support the war against the crusaders and maneuvered against them in the directions of Syria and Palestine; his stance was more hardline than that of the Egyptian side.
3. 1221–1227Damascus · DamascusIn the mid-1220s al-Mu'azzam's relations with the Egyptian sultan, his brother al-Kamil, grew tense because of conflicting interests between Syria and Egypt, and he sought alliances with external powers such as the Khwarazmians; he died in Damascus in November 1227, before the conflict with the crusaders and al-Kamil had fully erupted.