Diplomatic Exchange between the Yuan Dynasty and the Ilkhanate (1305)

Timeline

1. 1304–1305Soltaniyeh · IranAfter Ghazan Khan died in 1304, Öljaitü succeeded as Ilkhan. He promptly confirmed the tributary relationship with the Yuan dynasty and began preparing to send envoys to Dadu, consolidating the political alliance and brotherly tradition between the two khanates.
2. 1305Dadu · Yuan dynastyIn 1305, Ilkhanate envoys arrived at Dadu presenting state letters and tribute; during the reigns of Emperor Chengzong or Emperor Renzong of Yuan, the Yuan court also sent envoys to the Ilkhanate. The two sides confirmed political alliances, agreed on a coordinated stance against the threats of the Chagatai Khanate and the Golden Horde, and arranged for safe passage along the Central Asian postal routes and caravan protection.
3. 1305Western frontier of the Ilkhanate · IlkhanateIn 1305, Öljaitü wrote to King Philip IV of France proposing an alliance with Christian Europe against Mamluk Egypt. This ran parallel to Yuan diplomacy, showing the Ilkhanate pursuing a multi-front diplomatic strategy across Eurasia to counter Mamluk military pressure and expand its international room for maneuver.