Uzbek Khan establishes rule over the Golden Horde

Timeline

1. 1310–1312Sarai · Lower VolgaAround 1310 Özbeg (Uzbek Khan) held an important post in the Golden Horde court, gradually integrating military aristocrats and religious forces to accumulate strength for inheriting the throne. In his later years Toqta both relied on and was wary of him, with undercurrents of succession intrigue.
2. 1312–1313Sarai · Lower VolgaAfter Toqta Khan's death in 1312, Özbeg announced his accession with the support of princes and military aristocrats. In 1313 he purged political enemies, consolidated authority, and formally became great khan of the Golden Horde, beginning a reign of nearly thirty years.
3. 1313–1320Volga basin · Volga RiverAfter acceding, Uzbek Khan made Islam the state religion, built mosques and madrasas, recruited Islamic scholars, and maintained the investiture and tribute system over the Rus' principalities. The Golden Horde thus completed its political-religious transformation, becoming the strongest steppe polity in 14th-century Eastern Europe.