Relations between Champa and the Ming Dynasty

Timeline

1. 1411–1415Nanjing · Ming dynastyThe king of Champa sent envoys to the Ming court bearing tribute of ivory, rhinoceros horn, agarwood, sappanwood, and other local products. The Veritable Records of the Ming record multiple receptions of Champa tribute envoys during the Yongle reign; the Ming court reciprocated with silk, porcelain, and copper coins, and invested the Champa king, confirming his vassal status.
2. 1412–1418Champa-Jiaozhi border · IndochinaAfter the Ming destroyed the Ho dynasty and established the province of Jiaozhi, Champa's northern border directly faced Ming-garrisoned former Vietnamese territory. Champa cultivated goodwill with the Ming through tribute relations and at times petitioned the Ming court about Jiaozhi border threats. The Ming generally adopted a mediating stance in disputes between Champa and Jiaozhi, allowing Champa to maintain independence in the space between Ming and Vietnam.
3. 1413–1420Champa port · ChampaZheng He's fleet made multiple stops at Champa ports during its voyages to the Western Seas, taking on fresh water and provisions and exchanging gifts with Champa authorities. Ma Huan's Yingya Shenglan (Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores) describes in detail Champa's customs, products, and ports. Champa thus became deeply integrated into the Ming-dominated maritime tributary and trade network.