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Pope Nicholas II

Type Figure Region Europe Time c. 990–1061 Also known as Pope Nicholas II、Gerard of Burgundy、Gérard de Bourgogne、教宗尼各老二世

Nicholas II (Gerard of Burgundy, c. 990–1061) was the 155th pope, reigning from January 1059 to July 1061;…

Timeline

  1. 1045–1059Florence · TuscanyGerard came from the Burgundian house of Chevron, served long as bishop of Florence, cooperated with reformist cardinals such as Hildebrand, and was elected pope through a reformist procedure after the death of Stephen IX.
  2. 1059Rome · LazioAfter his election in January 1059, Nicholas II promulgated the papal election decree at the Lateran council that year, establishing the central role of cardinals in papal elections and restricting intervention by the emperor and the Roman populace, laying the foundation for the later papal electoral system.
  3. 1059–1060Rome · LazioBetween 1059 and 1060 Nicholas II continuously convened reform councils in Rome, addressing simony, clerical marriage, and church discipline, and handling relations with the Normans in southern Italy, consolidating the authority of the reformist papacy.

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