Skanderbeg's Anti-Ottoman League

Timeline

1. 1443–1444Northern Albania · AlbaniaAfter defecting from the Ottoman army and returning home, Skanderbeg used the Kastrioti family lands as a base to contact the clans and call for joint resistance against the Turks, preparing for the Lezhë assembly.
2. 1444Lezhë · AlbaniaThe leading Albanian clan nobles gathered at Lezhë and unanimously elected Skanderbeg supreme commander of the league, integrating the scattered territories into a unified military alliance and declaring independence from Ottoman suzerainty.
3. 1444–1468Kukës · AlbaniaThe league used mountain fortresses such as Krujë as bases, repeatedly repelling Ottoman expeditions under Skanderbeg's command, and maintained diplomatic contacts with Venice, Naples, and the Papacy, becoming the most enduring anti-Turkish force in the 15th-century Balkans.