Wars of the Welsh Marches

Timeline

1. 1290–1294North Wales · WalesAfter Edward I conquered Wales in 1284 he established a system of counties and castles, but taxation, military service, and judicial jurisdiction angered Welsh nobles and commoners. Friction between Marcher lords and English officials steadily built toward a large-scale uprising.
2. 1294Welsh Marches · WalesMadog ap Llywelyn launched an uprising, with many parts of North Wales responding, capturing castles such as Caernarfon and plunging parts of the Marches into war. The uprising and the concurrent wars in Scotland tied down English forces on two fronts.
3. 1295Caernarfon · WalesEdward I recalled his army from the French front, led the suppression, recovered the castles, and defeated Madog's main force. Madog was captured in 1295 and the uprising ended, though defence of the Marches and castle fortification continued to the end of the century.