Mongol Raids against the Pagan Kingdom

Timeline

1. 1271–1273Bagan · Mandalay RegionAfter establishing control over Yunnan, Kublai sent envoys demanding tribute from the Pagan Kingdom. Narathihapate saw this as improper interference in his sovereignty, refused to submit and had some envoys executed, breaking relations between the two sides.
2. 1273–1276Northern Myanmar border · MyanmarYuan forces massed in Yunnan, launching raids and probing attacks against northern Myanmar border towns. The Pagan Kingdom strengthened its northern defenses, deploying troops and war elephants to hold key routes on the upper Irrawaddy, and friction continued between the two sides.
3. 1277–1279Northern to central Myanmar · MyanmarBorder raids failed to force Pagan's submission, and Kublai ordered a larger expedition, leading to the 1277 Battle of Ngazun and subsequent sustained Yuan military operations deep inside Myanmar, plunging the Pagan Kingdom into a long war.