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Treaty of San Germano

Type Event Region Italy Time 1230

In July 1230, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX concluded a treaty at San Germano (in the area of modern Cassino).…

Timeline

  1. 1227–1230Southern Italy · ItalyEver since Gregory IX excommunicated Frederick II in 1227 over the postponement of the crusade, the two sides had been locked in a long standoff over crusading obligations, Sicilian royal authority, and the ownership of Church property; multiple rounds of mediation by papal and imperial envoys created the conditions for the negotiations at San Germano.
  2. c. 1230San Germano · LazioFrederick II formally undertook at San Germano to launch a crusade within a specified period, restore some of the seized Church property, and safeguard the rights of the Church; on this basis Gregory IX lifted the emperor's excommunication, and the two sides restored an outward reconciliation.
  3. 1230–1232Eastern Mediterranean · LevantWith the excommunication lifted, Frederick II was able to reorganize a crusade and set out for the East in 1231, but the fundamental disagreements between empire and papacy over Italian politics and ecclesiastical jurisdiction were not resolved, and the reconciliation remained fragile.

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