Treaty of Limerick

Timeline

1. 1691Aughrim to Limerick · Island of IrelandOn 12 July 1691, Ginkel routed the Jacobite field army under Saint-Ruth at Aughrim; Saint-Ruth was killed and Catholic Ireland's field forces were essentially destroyed. The remnants retreated into Limerick. The Williamites besieged the city a second time in August–September, cutting off outside aid; Sarsfield directed the defense and sought acceptable terms of surrender.
2. 1691Limerick · MunsterThe treaty was signed on 3 October. The military articles allowed officers and soldiers unwilling to swear allegiance to William to take their arms to France, and guaranteed their families' departure. The civil articles promised that the scope of Catholic worship enjoyed under James II could continue, and that the property and civic status of those swearing allegiance would be protected. William, eager to withdraw troops for the Nine Years' War against France, accepted relatively lenient terms.
3. 1691Cork Harbour · MunsterSarsfield led some fourteen thousand soldiers and many dependents to France, joining Louis XIV's army and founding a long tradition of 'Wild Geese' military exile. The civil articles required approval by the Irish Parliament; the Protestant-dominated body delayed and cut down the provisions, then used Penal Laws to restrict Catholic landholding, education, and officeholding. James II, in France, could no longer influence their implementation.