Islamic Medina

Timeline

1. 622Medina · HejazMuhammad migrated from Mecca to Yathrib, where local Muslims renamed the city Medina al-Nabi (City of the Prophet); the Hijra became the starting point of year 1 of the Islamic calendar, and Medina became the political and religious center of the Muslim community.
2. c. 622–624Medina · HejazMuhammad promulgated the Constitution of Medina, coordinating rights, obligations, and mutual defense among Muslims, Jews, and Arab tribes, establishing a multi-ethnic model of urban governance bound by faith and covenant, and providing an institutional prototype for the early Islamic state.
3. 622–632Prophet's Mosque · MedinaMuhammad built the first mosque in Medina, a simple prayer space of palm-trunk pillars and mud walls, later repeatedly expanded to become the second holiest site in Islam and the core place of Muslim worship and assembly.
4. 632–661Medina · HejazAll four Rightly Guided Caliphs—Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali—used Medina as their capital, directing conquest and expansion, administrative institution-building, and the canonization of the Qur'an there, making Medina the political hub of the early Islamic empire.