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Mughal Campaigns against Mirza Hakim of Kabul (1570s)

Type Event Region South Asia Time 1572–1580

In the 1570s, Akbar's half-brother Mirza Muhammad Hakim ruled semi-independently from Kabul, causing diplomatic friction and border clashes;…

Timeline

  1. 1572–1576Kabul · AfghanistanMirza Hakim served as governor of Kabul from 1566, effectively controlling Afghanistan and the northern Punjab frontier during Akbar's Gujarat expedition; nominally subordinate to the Mughal court, he minted coins and collected taxes on his own.
  2. 1577–1579Southern slopes of the Hindu Kush · PakistanHakim ceased paying tribute to Agra and issued his own decrees; small-scale armed clashes erupted along the southern Hindu Kush frontier, and Akbar's diplomatic envoys failed, sharply worsening relations.
  3. 1579–1580Lahore · Punjab ProvinceAkbar assembled an army at Lahore and appointed Beg Khan as vanguard, preparing to march on Kabul via Peshawar to restore direct rule over Afghanistan by force. The full-scale expedition began after Hakim's invasion of Punjab in 1581.

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