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Treaty of Berwick
On 18 June 1639 Charles I and representatives of the Scottish Covenanters signed a provisional truce at Berwick-upon-Tweed, ending the First Bishops'…
Timeline
- 1639Berwick-upon-Tweed · NorthumberlandCharles I personally negotiated with Scottish Covenanter representatives and, after several days of talks, formally signed the truce on 18 June. Main terms included: both sides disbanding their forces, restoring the general assembly system of the Scottish church, and the king promising no longer to impose Anglican worship.
- 1639Edinburgh · ScotlandAfter convening, the Scottish general assembly refused to abolish episcopacy, while Charles I secretly planned another military campaign. Both sides treated the Treaty of Berwick as a stopgap to buy time; the fundamental contradictions remained unresolved, leading to the outbreak of the Second Bishops' War in 1640.
Sources
- The Bishops' Wars: Charles I's Campaigns against Scotland 1638-1640 — Fissel, Mark Charles (1994)
- Charles I and the Road to Personal Rule — Cust, Richard (2007)