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Decline Period of the Toltecs at Tula
Around the mid-11th century, the Toltec center Tula entered political and social decline, with reduced elite construction and loosened central contro…
Timeline
- c. 1061–1065Core area of the Tula site (Pyramid B and colonnade) · HidalgoArchaeological strata show a marked decrease in new construction and renovation of large stone structures, and declining use of ritual spaces such as the Feathered Serpent colonnade, suggesting that Tula's elite scaled back investment in grand public works.
- c. 1065–1070Central Mexican Highlands (Tula's sphere of influence) · HidalgoVassal settlements around and beyond Tula experienced population outflow and the rise of secondary centers; long-distance trade and tribute networks loosened, local strongmen gradually broke free of capital control, and Toltec hegemony entered the visible eve of disintegration.
Sources
- The Toltec Period Occupation of the Tula Region, Mexico — Richard A. Diehl (1983)
- The Oxford Handbook of Mesoamerican Archaeology — Deborah L. Nichols; Christopher A. Pool (eds.) (2012)