← Explore on the interactive map

Pope Alexander III

Type Figure Region Vatican Time 1105–1181 Also known as Pope Alexander III、Alexander III、罗兰多·班迪内利、Rolando Bandinelli

Pope Alexander III (c. 1105–1181), born Rolando Bandinelli, was elected pope in 1159 and reigned over twenty years.

Timeline

  1. 1105–1159Siena · TuscanyBorn to a noble family in Siena, he studied canon law in Bologna and elsewhere, later rose to cardinal, took part in papal curia affairs, and was known for his legal learning and political skill.
  2. 1159–1178Rome · RomeElected after the death of Adrian IV in 1159, he immediately faced the challenge of the antipope Victor IV and lived long in exile in France; he repeatedly contended with Frederick I on Italian battlefields, supporting the Lombard League and Archbishop Becket's position.
  3. 1179–1181Rome · RomeHe presided over the Third Lateran Council in 1179, establishing that papal elections required two-thirds of the cardinals' votes; after reconciling with Frederick I at Venice in 1177 he consolidated papal authority, and died at Civita Castellana on August 30, 1181.

Sources