Assassins (Nizari Ismailis) in Persia (1240s)

Timeline

1. 1241–1246Alamut · IranImam Ala al-Din Muhammad (r. 1221–1255) lived in seclusion at Alamut, while Da'i Rukn al-Din Khurshah handled external affairs and military matters. The Assassins continued to control a series of castles in the Alborz Mountains, posing a deterrent to Seljuk remnants and local regimes.
2. 1246–1250Alborz Mountain fortress network · Alborz MountainsMongol Empire forces expanding westward in Central Asia began to pressure the Assassins from the north. Rukn al-Din strengthened fortress defenses and made diplomatic overtures, but by the end of the decade the Assassin state remained independent; its complete destruction awaited Hulegu's western campaign in 1256.