Treaty of Stolbovo

Timeline

1. 1615–1616Pskov · PskovGustav II Adolf's siege of Pskov failed, and Sweden could no longer expand into the Russian heartland; Russia also needed to escape a two-front war to deal with Poland. Under English mediation, both sides accepted a framework of ceding Baltic coastal lands in exchange for a truce and recognition of the new dynasty.
2. 1617Stolbovo · southern shore of Lake LadogaSweden initially demanded far-reaching rights including Arkhangel'sk, which Russia flatly refused. The English envoy John Merrick chose a neutral site between Tikhvin and Ladoga, facilitating a compromise on territorial cession, indemnity, mutual trading posts, and recognition of the tsar's title.
3. 1617Stolbovo · southern shore of Lake LadogaThe treaty stipulated that Sweden obtained Ingria (including forts such as Noteborg) and Kexholm in Karelia; Russia recovered Novgorod, Gdov, and other places, paid an indemnity of 20,000 rubles, and renounced claims to Estonia and Livonia; Sweden recognized Mikhail as lawful tsar and abandoned its claims to the Russian throne, and both sides could establish trading posts in cities designated by the other.
4. 1617–1621Ingria · IngriaAfter losing the Gulf of Finland coast, Russia became more dependent on the White Sea port of Arkhangel'sk for European trade. Moscow was able to contract the northwestern front and turn to preparing the Smolensk war against Poland; Sweden built Ingria into a defensive line on the eastern Baltic shore, serving its eastern strategy in the age of great power.