Malacca Sultanate

Timeline

1. 1400–1450Malacca · MalaysiaParameswara (Bali Meisula) founded the sultanate at the Malacca River mouth, relying on monsoon routes to attract merchant ships from many countries; the city rapidly expanded its port, markets, and mosques, becoming the new center of the Malay world supplanting Majapahit's influence.
2. 1461–1470Malacca city · Malacca StateUnder Sultan Mansur Shah (r. 1458–1477) Malacca controlled strait shipping and expanded its vassal states; large numbers of foreign merchants and Peranakan communities resided in the city; with mature port taxation and flourishing shipbuilding and shipping, it was one of the world's busiest port cities in the 15th century.
3. 1511Malacca · MalaysiaPortugal's Afonso de Albuquerque led forces to capture Malacca, ending the sultanate as an independent maritime city-state; the city entered colonial rule, but its status as a strait trade hub continued under subsequent Dutch and British rule.