Migration of Khitan Remnants

Timeline

1. 1211–1214Liaodong · Liaoning ProvinceAfter the Jin destroyed the Liao, some Khitans remained in Liaodong, maintaining tribal organization. With the outbreak of the Mongol-Jin War, Liaodong fell into turmoil; the Khitan remnants wavered between Jin and Mongol forces, sometimes submitting and sometimes rebelling, becoming a buffer population contested by all sides.
2. 1215–1216Liaodong · Liaoning ProvinceIn 1215 the Khitan Pusan Wannu seized Liaodong and declared independence under the state name Eastern Liao, gathering scattered Khitan tribes. Eastern Liao at times controlled parts of Liaodong, but faced the dual squeeze of Mongol expeditions and remnant Jin forces, leaving its political foundation fragile.
3. 1216–1219South of the Yalu River · Korean PeninsulaAfter Eastern Liao was defeated by the Mongols, Pusan Wannu led his followers south across the Yalu River into Goryeo, with many Khitan civilians migrating along. Mongol forces crossed the border in pursuit under the pretext of hunting down the remnants, triggering conflict between Goryeo and the Mongols. Khitan remnants spread across northwestern Goryeo, becoming a new element in the local population.