Siberian Expansion from Yakutsk

Timeline

1. 1650–1651Yakutsk · SiberiaIn 1650, Yerofey Khabarov, under orders from the voivode of Yakutsk, led 150 Cossacks from Yakutsk south along the Uralca River into the upper Amur region, gathering geographic information and collecting fur taxes in Daur (Dawur) settlements; upon returning he reported the region's rich resources and produced maps.
2. 1651–1653Middle and upper Amur River · SiberiaFrom 1651 to 1652, Khabarov returned to the Amur with a second, larger expedition, establishing a winter camp at Achinsk (later called Albazin) and building several wooden forts (ostrog) along the river. Russian forces clashed in armed conflict with the Daurs and Duchers, forcibly collecting taxes and occupying settlements.
3. 1652–1658Amur River basin · Northeast AsiaIn 1652, Qing garrison troops from Ningguta fought Khabarov's forces along the Amur for the first time; the Russians barely held their position. Russian-Qing confrontation in the Amur basin continued thereafter; in 1658 Qing forces besieged and expelled the Russian posts on a large scale, forcing a temporary Russian withdrawal, which ultimately led to the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk demarcating the border.