Casimir IV's Jagiellonian Policy (1470s)

Timeline

1. 1471–1475Royal Prussia · PolandAfter the Thirteen Years' War, Casimir IV brought Teutonic Order territories largely within Poland's sphere of influence. In 1475 he issued the Toruń privileges, regulating the autonomy and trade rights of Royal Prussian towns and consolidating Jagiellonian control over Baltic trade.
2. 1474–1480Lithuania–Moscow border · BelarusAfter Ivan III annexed Novgorod and ended its tribute payments, Casimir IV, as Grand Duke of Lithuania, countered Moscow's eastward expansion. He supported anti-Moscow factions in Novgorod and maintained contacts with the Golden Horde; during the 1480 standoff on the Ugra River he promised aid to Russia but in practice did not commit fully, reflecting his pragmatic balance-of-power diplomacy.
3. 1479Orsha · BelarusCasimir IV and Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus had long contested influence over Moravia and Bohemia; in 1479 the two signed a peace treaty, mutually recognizing their spheres of influence and coordinating responses to the Ottoman threat. This stabilized the Jagiellonian eastern flank, allowing Poland–Lithuania to concentrate on the Baltic and eastern frontiers.