Tabriz

Timeline

1. 1256–1265Tabriz · IranAfter his western campaigns Hulegu chose Tabriz as one of the early ruling centers of the Ilkhanate; thanks to its position near the Caucasus and Anatolia, the city became a stronghold through which the Mongol regime controlled the northwestern gateway to Persia.
2. 1265–1282Tabriz · IranAbaqa Khan formally established Tabriz as his capital, building palaces and bazaars and attracting European merchants such as the Venetians; the city became a commercial hub linking the Mediterranean economic sphere with the steppe khanates of Central Asia.
3. 1295–1310Tabriz · IranGhazan Khan announced his conversion to Islam at Tabriz, promoting a Persian–Islamic cultural revival; the city court patronized miniature painting and architecture, forming a cultural peak alongside the historical compilation overseed by Rashid al-Din.
4. c. 1317–1335Tabriz · IranAfter Abu Sa'id's death the Ilkhanate fell into warlord fragmentation; though Tabriz remained an important city, it lost its status as capital of a unified khanate, and political turmoil eroded the stability it had previously enjoyed as an international commercial capital.