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Chera-Chola Rivalry
In the mid-1030s, the Chera and Chola dynasties renewed fierce rivalry in Kerala and the Malabar Coast, clashing over ports, trade routes, and vassal…
Timeline
- 1035Quilon · KeralaChola fleets tried to control spice ports such as Quilon; Chera forces sallied from inland highlands to intercept them, and both sides fought joint land-sea operations to monopolize the pepper and cinnamon trade.
- 1036Southern Western Ghats · KeralaFighting ran along the Western Ghats passes; Chera held firm on the terrain, and though Chola held some coastal positions it failed to conquer Kerala's interior, and the two sides entered a long standoff.
Sources
- 待补充学术来源