Catherine of Aragon

Timeline

1. 1511Richmond Palace · LondonCatherine gave birth to the male heir Henry VIII had long hoped for, who was created Duke of Cornwall, and the whole realm rejoiced. However, the infant soon died, and the royal succession crisis resurfaced, deepening Henry's anxiety over producing a male descendant.
2. 1512–1515London · LondonDuring Henry's expedition to France, Catherine handled state affairs as regent and prepared the defenses of the north. She presided over court festivities and received foreign envoys, maintaining diplomatic ties within the framework of the Anglo-Spanish alliance through her Spanish royal blood.
3. 1516Greenwich · LondonMary Tudor was born at Greenwich Palace and was Catherine's only child to reach adulthood. Catherine personally oversaw Mary's education, emphasizing Catholic devotion and Spanish court etiquette, laying the foundation for her later reign as queen.
4. 1517–1520Windsor Castle · BerkshireAfter news of Luther's Reformation reached England, Catherine upheld orthodox Catholic positions and opposed the royal house's acceptance of Protestant heresy. She supported the English church's defense of papal authority, standing in sharp contrast to Henry's later reformist course.