Polish-Muscovite conflict over Livonia (1570s)

Timeline

1. 1570–1575Livonia · LivoniaIn the early 1570s Ivan IV led forces deep into Livonia, and most of the Livonian Order's lands fell; though the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had not yet fully entered the war, it felt the threat of Russian forces approaching the Lithuanian border and began intervening through diplomacy and limited military action.
2. 1575–1577Polotsk · BelarusIn the mid-1570s both sides contested key border towns such as Polotsk; in 1577 Batory recaptured Polotsk, striking Russia's southern anchor, while Russian forces still held eastern Livonian fortresses like Wenden, creating a multi-front stalemate.
3. 1578–1579Eastern Livonian frontier · LivoniaIn 1578 Batory launched a major Livonian offensive, recapturing Wenden but failing to take Pskov; neither side could decisively defeat the other, and by 1579 a roughly stable standoff line formed in eastern Livonia, laying groundwork for the 1582 Treaty of Jam Zapolski.