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Constantine XI
Constantine XI (1405–1453), the last Byzantine emperor and final ruler of the Palaiologos dynasty.…
Timeline
- 1405–1448Mistras · MoreaSon of Manuel II, he governed the Morea region of the Peloponnese from the 1430s; between 1431 and 1440 he consolidated local defenses and coordinated resistance to Ottoman expansion, accumulating military and political experience for his later accession.
- 1449–1453Constantinople · Byzantine EmpireAfter acceding in 1449 the treasury was empty and military strength insufficient, yet he reinforced the walls and joined with Genoese and Venetian reinforcements; facing Mehmed II's siege in 1453 he refused to negotiate, and when the walls fell he went to the walls in person and died fighting.
Sources
- Encyclopaedia Britannica: Constantine XI Palaeologus https://www.britannica.com/biography/Constantine-XI-Palaeologus
- The Cambridge History of Turkey, Volume 1: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453 — Kate Fleet (2009)