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Toltec Hegemony
In the 1020s, the Toltecs centered on Tula controlled the central Mexican highlands, becoming the most influential early Postclassic polity and sprea…
Timeline
- 1020–1029Tula · MexicoThe city of Tula had the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent, colonnaded palaces, and giant warrior columns, reflecting the scale of the Toltec state's ceremonial center; it was the symbolic capital of political power in the central Mexican highlands.
- 1020–1029Central Mexican highlands · MexicoThe Toltec warrior class conquered surrounding city-states and trade-route nodes, collecting tribute and settling colonists; they also left traces of rule around the ruins of Teotihuacan, forming a regional hegemonic order.
- 1020–1029Chichén Itzá · YucatánWorship of the Feathered Serpent Kukulcan, warrior columns, and polychrome pottery styles spread from Tula to the Yucatán; Chichén Itzá saw Toltec-style architectural decoration and possibly foreign rulers, marking a peak of cross-cultural interaction in Mesoamerica.
Sources
- The Toltecs: Until the Fall of Tula — Nigel Davies (1982)
- Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs — Michael D. Coe and Rex Koontz (2013)