Counterweight Trebuchet

Timeline

1. c. 1150–1180Syria and Anatolia · SyriaAgainst the backdrop of the Crusades, Islamic and Christian forces improved throwing engines in siege warfare, evolving from manpower-pulled types into the counterweight-driven trebuchet, with greatly increased range and destructive power.
2. 1181–1190Acre and the Holy Land · PalestineAround the Third Crusade, both sides deployed large counterweight trebuchets in sieges of fortresses such as Acre, hurling stones day and night to bombard walls and towers, combined with mining and scaling ladders for multi-dimensional assaults.
3. 1200–1400Western Europe · Western EuropeCounterweight trebuchet technology returned to Europe and was used frequently in conflicts such as the Hundred Years' War; later refinements included more precise counterweight adjustment and varied projectiles, until cannon gradually replaced them in the 15th century.