Xuanzheng Yuan of the Yuan Dynasty

Timeline

1. 1264Dadu · DaduKublai Khan elevated the Zongzhi Yuan to the Xuanzheng Yuan, ranked first rank (secondary), overseeing monks and nuns nationwide and Tibetan military and civilian affairs; Phagpa's line of Imperial Preceptors often concurrently served as head, establishing a theocratic governance model.
2. 1301–1310Dadu · DaduIn the 1300s the Xuanzheng Yuan continued to oversee Tibetan Pacification Commissioner Offices, Buddhist investitures, and the appointment of monk-officials, coordinating relations between the Imperial Preceptor system and the central government, and adjudicating major monastic and lay cases; it was the core agency managing frontier religious affairs under Chengzong and Wuzong.
3. 1270–1350Tibet · TibetUnder the Xuanzheng Yuan were three Pacification Commissioner Offices including Ü-Tsang and Ngari Gurlusun, with Sakya and other monastic and lay leaders appointed to co-govern, incorporating Tibet into the Yuan province–Pacification Commissioner Office system.
4. 1368Dadu · DaduAfter the Yuan court moved north, the Xuanzheng Yuan collapsed along with the central regime; the Ming established the Ü-Tsang Regional Military Commission and other agencies, and the Yuan integrated Buddhist–Tibetan management model was not continued.