Innocent X

Timeline

1. 1574–1644Rome · Papal StatesBorn in Rome into the Pamphili family, he served as a papal judge and diplomat, was raised to cardinal in 1629, and was elected pope in September 1644 after the death of Urban VIII.
2. 1644–1648Rome · Papal StatesAfter succeeding, he focused on diplomatic mediation at the close of the Thirty Years' War, sending cardinals to negotiate the Peace of Westphalia in an effort to protect the interests of Catholic princes and church lands, though the papacy ultimately expressed regret over the treaty's terms.
3. 1649–1655Rome · Papal StatesIn 1653 he issued a papal bull condemning the five propositions of Jansenism, provoking fierce backlash from the French church and court; in his later years he relied on Spanish diplomacy, and his family's power continued to expand in Roman politics until his death in 1655.