Decline of the Pagan Kingdom

Timeline

1. 1287–1290Bagan · MyanmarIn 1287 Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty sent an army against Myanmar; Pagan king Narathihapate fled south abandoning the city, and though the Mongols did not occupy it long, they dealt the kingdom a fatal blow. Large populations were displaced, the temple economy suffered, the central army was gravely weakened, and royal authority plummeted.
2. 1290–1301Middle Irrawaddy · MyanmarAfter the Mongols withdrew, the Pagan Kingdom rapidly split into multiple local regimes. Governors who had served the king carved out independent territories and fought one another. By 1301 Pagan's nominal royal authority could no longer govern the Irrawaddy basin, and the former unity of Anawrahta and Kyizittha's era was gone.
3. 1301–1310Myanmar · MyanmarBy around 1301 Pagan's decline was a foregone conclusion. Though the capital still retained its Buddhist architectural heritage and nominal royal line, real power was dispersed among separatists at Pegu, Sagaing, Magwe and elsewhere. The rise of the Pegu dynasty in the mid-14th century marked the formation of Myanmar's new post-Pagan political order.