Thomas, Earl of Lancaster

Type Figure Region England Time 1278–1322 Also known as Earl of Lancaster、Thomas Lancaster

English noble leader, Earl of Lancaster and Leicester, grandson of Edward I;…

Timeline

1278–1307Lancaster · LancashireGrandson of Edward I, he inherited the earldom of Lancaster in 1298 and gained the earldom of Leicester in 1307, becoming one of the wealthiest nobles in England. He was already active at court and in Parliament under Edward I.
1311–1313London · LondonFrom 1310 he led the committee of nobles (the Lords Ordainers), and in 1311 forced the king to approve the Ordinances, restricting royal power and excluding favourites. In June 1312 he captured Gaveston near Warwick and had him executed despite the king's pleas, incurring deep enmity. A superficial reconciliation at Westminster in 1313 left the conflict unresolved.
1314–1322Pontefract · YorkshireAfter the defeat at Bannockburn he refused to lead troops to the king's aid, establishing de facto autonomy from his northern estates. He briefly reconciled with the king and served as regent in 1318, but rejoined the anti-Despenser alliance in 1321. In March 1322 he was defeated and captured at the Battle of Boroughbridge and beheaded for treason at Pontefract Castle.

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Thomas, earl of Lancaster (2004) https://www.oxforddnb.com/
The Lords of the North: The Percy, Neville and Lancaster Rivalry — K. J. Stringer (2008)