Decline of Srivijaya's Maritime Hegemony

Timeline

1. 1140–1145Strait of Malacca · Strait of MalaccaSrivijaya's monopoly over Strait of Malacca trade routes no longer existed; ports such as Kedah in the northern Malay Peninsula and emerging city-states along Sumatra's coast diverted trade. Arab and Indian merchants could choose multiple routes and no longer had to pass through Palembang, and Srivijaya's tariff revenues and political influence declined accordingly.
2. 1146–1149Sumatra and Java · IndonesiaIn the late 1140s, Srivijaya remained nominally a political force but was incapable of restoring the hegemony of its zenith. Emerging Malayan kingdoms and the powers that would later rise in Java gradually filled the power vacuum, and Srivijaya's historical phase as a unified maritime empire neared its end.