Sambhaji

Timeline

1. 1657–1680Purandar Fort · MaharashtraBorn at Purandar Fort, eldest son of Shivaji and Saibai. By his father's 1674 coronation at Raigad he was already in the line of succession. In 1678, after conflicts with his father and senior ministers, he fled with his wife to the Mughal prince Muazzam at Aurangabad, was pursued and recaptured, and was confined at Panhala. Shivaji died in April 1680, and the court saw a succession struggle with Soyrabai's faction backing the young Rajaram.
2. 1680–1689Raigad Fort · MaharashtraAfter securing Panhala and Raigad in 1680 he took the throne and was formally crowned at Raigad in January 1681. He crushed court opposition, maintained the Western Ghats fortress network, and campaigned against the Portuguese at Goa and the Sidis of Janjira. After sheltering the defected prince Akbar, Aurangzeb personally invaded the Deccan and the Marathas shifted to prolonged mobile warfare. Hambirao Mohite, his leading general, fell at the Battle of Wai in 1687 and the war grew grimmer.
3. 1689Tulapur · MaharashtraIn early 1689 he was surprised and captured by Mukarrab Khan's forces at Sangameshwar in Konkan, accompanied by his advisor Kavi Kalash. The two were paraded before Aurangzeb's camp and, after refusing to convert, were tortured to death. Raigad promptly fell, and his wife Yesubai and young son Shahu were detained by the Mughals. His brother Rajaram continued resistance from the south.