← Explore on the interactive map

al-Kamil

Type Figure Region Egypt Time 1177–1238 Also known as al-Kamil Muhammad

Ayyubid sultan of Egypt (1177–1238) who negotiated the 1229 Treaty of Jaffa with Frederick II and resolved the Sixth Crusade by diplomacy.

Timeline

  1. 1221–1227Cairo · EgyptAfter the Fifth Crusade's siege of Damietta failed in 1221, al-Kamil consolidated his control of Egypt and coordinated defense with his brother al-Mu'azzam in Damascus, Aleppo, and other domains, maintaining the partition of Ayyubid family rule.
  2. 1228–1230Jaffa · PalestineIn 1228 Frederick II launched the Sixth Crusade, and al-Kamil chose negotiation rather than battle; in February 1229 he concluded the Treaty of Jaffa, temporarily handing Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and other cities to the crusaders for ten years in exchange for a truce and mutual trade, a famous diplomatic case of the crusading era.

Sources