Song-Liao Tributary Relations after Chanyuan in the 1050s

Timeline

1. 1051–1054Xiongzhou · North ChinaNorthern Song delivered annual gifts of silk and silver to Liao as stipulated by the Chanyuan Treaty, and both sides maintained market trade at border posts such as Xiongzhou and Bazhou; border residents and merchants traveled frequently, and large-scale warfare was largely absent.
2. 1055Shangjing Linhuang Prefecture · Inner MongoliaAfter Emperor Xingzong of Liao died, Northern Song dispatched congratulatory envoys to Liao to congratulate Emperor Daozong on his accession, exchanging state letters according to the rites of brotherly states, showing that Chanyuan-era diplomatic protocol still bound during succession.
3. 1056–1060Bianjing · Central PlainsAfter Emperor Daozong acceded, Song and Liao continued to exchange birthday envoys and New Year envoys by season; annual gift handovers and ritual exchanges ran routinely between Bianjing and Nanjing, and the tributary relationship entered a stable continuation under the new ruler.