Mahesvara of Dharmasraya

Timeline

1. c. 1310–1325Suruaso (Tanah Datar) · West SumatraAkarendrawarman ruled bhūmi Malayu after Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa, with full title Paduka Sri Maharajadhiraja Srimat Sri Akarendrawarman. The Suruaso inscription records him building irrigation channels at the start of the 14th century to develop agriculture on the Minangkabau plateau, marking a political shift from the river-mouth Dharmasraya to the interior.
2. 1321–1330Dharmasraya · West SumatraGeorge Coedès noted early in the 14th century that Malayu was Sumatra's only significant Buddhist state, resisting the wave of Islamization from the north. Malayu still sent tribute envoys to the Yuan dynasty in 1299 and 1301; in the 1320s it remained one of Majapahit's vassal states, and objects such as an Amoghapasa statue show religious and political ties with Java's Singhasari–Majapahit world.