Blue–White Horde Conflict (1390s)

Timeline

1. 1391–1393Steppe of the Jochi Ulus · Golden HordeJochi's descendant khanates long divided into Blue and White branches; Tokhtamysh, of White Horde origin, attempted to unify the lower Volga, provoking resistance from Blue Horde nobles and Central Asian powers.
2. 1391–1395Steppe north of the Syr Darya · SteppeTimur exploited Blue–White contradictions, first supporting Tokhtamysh then switching to back his rival; Blue Horde generals and followers became important allies of Timur's expeditionary forces.
3. 1396–1400Between the Volga and Ural rivers · SteppeAfter Tokhtamysh's defeat and death, Blue and White Hordes each enthroned their own khans, with warlords like Edigu controlling the lower Volga; nominally coexisting but actually each holding separate territory, the Golden Horde's unified state ceased to exist.