End of the Fronde Wars

Timeline

1. 1648–1649Paris, France · Île-de-FranceThe Paris Parlement refused to register the tax increase edicts and put forward reform demands, provoking government repression and popular uprisings. Barricade fighting broke out in Paris, with the people throwing stones (hence the name Fronde). The royal house was forced to sign the Peace of Ruel with the Parlement, conceding some reform demands, and the Parlementary Fronde was temporarily quelled.
2. 1650–1652France · FranceThe Grand Condé, Louis II, led the nobles in alliance with Spanish forces to rebel against the royal house, and the fighting spread to several provinces. In 1652 Condé's army briefly occupied Paris but lost momentum for failing to win the citizens' support; Louis XIV and the royal house returned to Paris that October, and court authority was initially restored.
3. 1653Paris, France · Île-de-FranceIn February 1653 Mazarin returned to Paris from exile and resumed control of the French government. The Prince of Condé was stripped of his titles and fled to Spain (later convicted of treason), while the remaining rebellious nobles submitted. Royal power and centralization were fully consolidated in France, the Fronde Wars came to a complete end, laying the foundation for the absolute monarchy after Louis XIV assumed personal rule.