Western Xia's Standoff with Song and Jin

Name: Western Xia's Standoff with Song and Jin
Start: 1161
End: 1170

Type Event Region China Time 1161–1170

In the 1160s, under Emperor Renzong Li Renxiao, Western Xia maintained its independence while navigating between Southern Song and the Jin dynasty.

Timeline

1161–1163Western Xia border · NorthwestIn 1161 Song and Jin again went to war; Western Xia remained onlooker, not intervening on a large scale, but strengthened border defenses to prevent the war from spreading to the Hexi Corridor.
1164–1167Xingqing Prefecture · NingxiaAfter the Longxing Peace Treaty between Song and Jin, Western Xia continued to submit to Jin and pay tribute, maintaining its suzerain-vassal relationship with Jin while promoting Confucian education and Buddhism at home.
1168–1170Hexi Corridor · NorthwestWestern Xia kept up tea-horse trade with Southern Song through the Hexi Corridor, controlled the eastern Silk Road, and pursued pragmatic diplomacy between Song and Jin, stabilizing the three-way balance.

宋史·西夏传 — 脱脱等 (1977)
The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6: Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368 — Herbert Franke; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.) (1994)