Rise of the Sukhothai Kingdom

Timeline

1. 1271–1275Sukhothai · Sukhothai ProvinceEarly in his reign Ram Khamhaeng reformed domestic affairs, ruled by Buddhist ethics, built temples and waterworks, and strengthened central control over vassal cities, laying the political foundation for further expansion.
2. 1275–1280Central-western mainland Southeast Asia · ThailandSukhothai armies pushed south to the northern Malay Peninsula and contested control of the Chao Phraya basin with the Khmer Empire in the west, incorporating neighboring city-states into the vassal system. The kingdom's territory expanded greatly, becoming a major Southeast Asian power by the late 13th century.
3. 1275–1280Sukhothai · Sukhothai ProvinceSukhothai maintained tributary trade relations with the Yuan dynasty, exporting tin, ivory, and sappanwood. Ram Khamhaeng created the Thai script and promoted Theravada Buddhism; Sukhothai's cultural influence spread across the Chao Phraya basin, laying the foundation for the later Ayutthaya kingdom.